Plumb
A term that means perfectly vertical. Carpenters use this to ensure walls and structures stand straight.
Level
The horizontal equivalent of plumb; ensures surfaces like floors, counters, and shelves are even.
Miter Joint
An angled joint (usually 45°) where two pieces meet to form a corner, often used in trim or molding.
Mortise and Tenon
A strong traditional wood joint where a protruding tenon fits snugly into a mortise hole.
Dry Fit
Temporarily assembling components to test their alignment and fit before final installation.
Grain
The direction and pattern of wood fibers, affecting both the strength and visual appearance of wood.
Chamfer
A beveled edge connecting two surfaces, often used to soften sharp corners on woodwork.
Soffit
The underside of a structure such as an overhang, arch, or eave—often used for ventilation or aesthetics.
Crown Molding
Decorative trim installed where walls meet the ceiling, adding a finished and elegant look to a room.
Baseboard
Trim that covers the joint between the wall and the floor, protecting walls from scuffs and adding visual detail.
Rabbet
A groove or notch cut along the edge or end of a board that allows another board to fit snugly into it.
Dado
A square groove cut across the grain of a board, often used for joining shelves to cabinet sides.
Kerf
The width of a cut made by a saw blade. Important for precise measuring and material allowance.
Nosing
The rounded front edge of a stair tread that extends slightly beyond the riser below.
Shiplap
A type of wooden board used for walls or siding, with grooves that allow the boards to overlap neatly.
Pilot Hole
A small hole drilled into wood before inserting a screw to prevent splitting and guide the screw in.
Countersink
A conical hole that allows the head of a screw to sit flush with or below the surface of the material.
Toe-Nailing
A technique of driving nails at an angle to secure a board to another surface, commonly used when end-nailing isn’t possible.
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